In the remaining days of our Planning Field Course research groups worked on exloring the quantitative, qualitative and spatial data that they gathered before, during, and after the fieldwork in Zonguldak and producing their research reports under the guidance of course mentors. The Field Course will have a finish with the submission of research reports and their presentations by research groups, guided by the following assessment.
Assignment 6 Assessment and presentation of research findings
Using the quantitative, qualitative and spatial data analysed during our field course as well as the impressions collected in your field study in Zonguldak, and keeping with the theoretical discussions we had throughout the course, write an assessment of the process of deindustrialisation and urban shrinkage in Zonguldak.
Thursday, 5 September 2013
MENTAL MAPPING
So we are done with coding the landuse survey data. Now we have a landuse map of Zonguldak. Well done!
Now is the time to work on our memories of the field survey. We started the day with an in-class assignment of 'mental mapping', following Lynch (1960) and asking students to make sketches of two maps created from their memories of a) the city of Zonguldak and b) the wider region it is located, revealing the different elements of the city and the region.
In-class work: Mental Mapping
You are asked to produce sketches of 2 maps: one the map of the city of Zonguldak, and the other the map of the TR81 region. You are expected to produce the two maps by 'Mak(ing) (them) just as if you (are) making a rapid description of the city to a stranger, covering all the main features. We don’t expect an accurate drawing- just a rough sketch.' (Lynch 1960, p 141)
After a given amount of time,
the students hanged their mental maps on the wall...
Then we started discussing about...
... the region and the city.
And finally compared the two mental maps with the real maps...
... in order to see what was missing and what we DID remember correctly. It was a fun project!
Saturday, 31 August 2013
WEEK 3-DATA CODING AND ANALYSIS
Coding and Analysing Spatial Data
We started the final 10 days of CP 290 Field Course. The first days of this week is devoted to data coding and analysis. Team Zonguldak has their first lectures on coding and analysing spatial data. The lecture was given by Asst. Prof. Dr. Ömür Saygın. He made an introduction to GIS and continued with how students would code the spatial data that they gathered via landuse surveys. After the lecture, they continued entering and coding landuse survey data.
We closed the day with a new assignment to be discussed in our next meeting.
Assignment 5: Assessment of the Fieldtrip
Using the qualitative and visual material that you collected during your field surveys in Zonguldak, produce a presentation of 10 slides, which provide the other survey groups of the spatial, social, cultural and economic characteristics of the neighborhood that your team surveyed. In your presentation, you should draw on the visual and qualitative data gathered by your group and develop an assessment of the neighborhood.
Leaving.. but one more to see: Ereğli-the iron and steel base of Zonguldak
After a week of firld work, we are ready to leave Zonguldak. But there is one more place to see on our way, which is the district of Ereğli. Like Karabük, Ereğli is one of the bases of iron and steel manufacturing in Turkey, which contributed to the development of Zonguldak as a mining city. In fact, Zonguldak lived its hay-days in the 1950s and 60s, thanks to the state owned enterprises of KARDEMİR in Karabük and ERDEMİR in Ereğli which were fed by the coals coming from Zonguldak. As with KARDEMİR, ERDEMİR was privatised in the 1990s and started to use imported coal, which was another reason for the drop in the production of the TTK of Zonguldak.
The iron and steel factory: ERDEMİR, which also has a port of its own.
The Ereğli shipyard
Fascinated by the size of the factory, we continued our trip back to Izmir. I think we all agreed that it had been a productive and enjoyable fieldtrip and contributed to our knowledge of deindustrialisation and urban shrinkage as experienced by Zonguldak. We are all excited to finalise the research reports with the information we gather on the site.
Fascinated by the size of the factory, we continued our trip back to Izmir. I think we all agreed that it had been a productive and enjoyable fieldtrip and contributed to our knowledge of deindustrialisation and urban shrinkage as experienced by Zonguldak. We are all excited to finalise the research reports with the information we gather on the site.
Getting to know the region better
Our research teams successfully finished their landuse and questionnaire surveys and collected the data from various institutions in Zonguldak. The last day of the fieldtrip is devoted to getting to know the region in which Zonguldak is located further.
The wider region (NUTS IILevel-TR81) is composed of two more cities-Bartın and Karabük-which were part of the city of Zonguldak until the 1990s. The aim of the field trip today was to observe the ways in which Zonguldak, Karabük and Bartın which in the past comprised the province of Zonguldak were functionally operating today. Our first trip was to Bartın where we also enjoyed the coastal district of Amasra.
Ottoman history in the city of Bartın
The holiday resort of Bartın: Amasra
The smiley faces of our enthusiastic team after a delicious lunch at Amasra (the city of Amasra behind)
We than left Amasra for our next stop-the world heritage city of Safranbolu. We were fascinated by the beauties of the northwest of Turkey, on our way to Safranbolu.
On our way to Safranbolu
Safranbolu: the world heritage city,1994
We left Safranbolu and headed to our final destination, Karabük which has developed as the centre of iron and steel industry, thanks to the state owned enterprise of KARDEMIR. KARDEMIR, which used to use the coals coming from Zonguldak as an input in producing iron and steel in its factory, contributed to the development of Zonguldak as a mining city and has been a major reason behind the collapse of TTK when it started to use imported coal after being privatised in the 1990w. We were fascinated by the size of the factory and the ways in which it contributed to the development of the economy of Karabük.
We talked about the location decision of an iron and steel factory: the importance of spatial proximity to water as a resource.
The importance of logistics: the railway as an important infrastructure to transfer raw, semi-manfacured and end products to/from the factory
The end product: the iron and steel plaques
What an exciting day it was. We were back at Zonguldak to pack for leaving the city tomorrow morning.
The wider region (NUTS IILevel-TR81) is composed of two more cities-Bartın and Karabük-which were part of the city of Zonguldak until the 1990s. The aim of the field trip today was to observe the ways in which Zonguldak, Karabük and Bartın which in the past comprised the province of Zonguldak were functionally operating today. Our first trip was to Bartın where we also enjoyed the coastal district of Amasra.
The holiday resort of Bartın: Amasra
We than left Amasra for our next stop-the world heritage city of Safranbolu. We were fascinated by the beauties of the northwest of Turkey, on our way to Safranbolu.
We left Safranbolu and headed to our final destination, Karabük which has developed as the centre of iron and steel industry, thanks to the state owned enterprise of KARDEMIR. KARDEMIR, which used to use the coals coming from Zonguldak as an input in producing iron and steel in its factory, contributed to the development of Zonguldak as a mining city and has been a major reason behind the collapse of TTK when it started to use imported coal after being privatised in the 1990w. We were fascinated by the size of the factory and the ways in which it contributed to the development of the economy of Karabük.
What an exciting day it was. We were back at Zonguldak to pack for leaving the city tomorrow morning.
Urban Development Issues in the City of Zonguldak
Two days of surveying the different neighborhoods of Zonguldak was fascinating. We all experienced the difficult topography of the city, heard about interesting stories of people living in the city, tried to make the link between changes in employment and economic structure of the city and social and spatial changes. Observations of the different aspects of socio-economic, cultural and spatial development in the city of Zonguldak on site obviously challenged the 'stereotype' we had before the fieldwork, and brought a lot of questions.
On our fifth day in the field, we were hosted by the Municipality of Zonguldak to the representatives of whom we could ask various issues that we observed when surveying the neighborhoods and learn about their strategies and policies for the urban development in Zonguldak.
Property Development Issues in Zonguldak
A very interesting information that was given by the Municipality was related with property development in Zonguldak, which was determined by a special law-Havza-i Fahmiye (1920). The mining basin of the city was registered to the Treasuary and did not allowed the deleopment of private property until 1986. This law has had a significant impact on the spatial development of the city. We were informed that as of today only 20% of the land in the city of Zonguldak is private property, which the remaining 80% is owned either by TTK, or the national estate or is forest. Eventually, 80% of Zonguldak developed illegally, an issue which seems to be a major concern for the Municipality of Zonguldak.
Illegal development in Zonguldak, Kilimli
Spatial impacts of urban shrinkage
One of the observations of our team when doing the landuse and questionnaire surveys was the difficulty of observing abandoned buildings in the city, which lost 50 000 population since 1990. In fact, many people mentioned the need for more housing in Zonguldak, and we observed new housing developments in the different parts of the city. We were informed that the Municipality allowed high rise housing developments on privately owned land,with the aim to decrease squatter housing. While this is the case, we were also informed that there were 8000 abandoned, empty units in the city.
New housing development in the city of Zonguldak, Kozlu
New housing development in the city ofZonguldak, Kilimli
Managing/unmanaging shrinkage?
As with many shrinking cities around the world, the phenomenon of shrinkage is not on the agenda of the Municipality. While acknowledging the impact of the restructuring of the mining industry-and mainly TTK- on the city and outmigration, they have never mentioned population figures nor they seemed to acknowledge the loss of population. The approach of the Municipality was that outmigration would be reversed if they would develop registered land as a result of which the ones who had left would come and invest in the city. Further higher rise development of private property and transformation of TTK's housing estates through urban transformmation projects are the instruments used by the Municipality for this purpose. We were stroke when we weretold that the new zoning plan was for a city that will accomodate 350 000 people fifty years later.
Environmental Issues
A major issue in the city of Zonguldak is related with the environmental impacts of mining. The city has been created on top of the mine excavation zones which damage the buildings. What stroke us was that the new housing developments started to take place on these physically unconvenient land.
Having informed about and being struck by the approach of the Municipality of Zonguldak for the future of the city, research teams continued with further visits to other institutions to continue with data collection related with their research topics.
On our fifth day in the field, we were hosted by the Municipality of Zonguldak to the representatives of whom we could ask various issues that we observed when surveying the neighborhoods and learn about their strategies and policies for the urban development in Zonguldak.
Property Development Issues in Zonguldak
A very interesting information that was given by the Municipality was related with property development in Zonguldak, which was determined by a special law-Havza-i Fahmiye (1920). The mining basin of the city was registered to the Treasuary and did not allowed the deleopment of private property until 1986. This law has had a significant impact on the spatial development of the city. We were informed that as of today only 20% of the land in the city of Zonguldak is private property, which the remaining 80% is owned either by TTK, or the national estate or is forest. Eventually, 80% of Zonguldak developed illegally, an issue which seems to be a major concern for the Municipality of Zonguldak.
Spatial impacts of urban shrinkage
One of the observations of our team when doing the landuse and questionnaire surveys was the difficulty of observing abandoned buildings in the city, which lost 50 000 population since 1990. In fact, many people mentioned the need for more housing in Zonguldak, and we observed new housing developments in the different parts of the city. We were informed that the Municipality allowed high rise housing developments on privately owned land,with the aim to decrease squatter housing. While this is the case, we were also informed that there were 8000 abandoned, empty units in the city.
Managing/unmanaging shrinkage?
As with many shrinking cities around the world, the phenomenon of shrinkage is not on the agenda of the Municipality. While acknowledging the impact of the restructuring of the mining industry-and mainly TTK- on the city and outmigration, they have never mentioned population figures nor they seemed to acknowledge the loss of population. The approach of the Municipality was that outmigration would be reversed if they would develop registered land as a result of which the ones who had left would come and invest in the city. Further higher rise development of private property and transformation of TTK's housing estates through urban transformmation projects are the instruments used by the Municipality for this purpose. We were stroke when we weretold that the new zoning plan was for a city that will accomodate 350 000 people fifty years later.
Environmental Issues
A major issue in the city of Zonguldak is related with the environmental impacts of mining. The city has been created on top of the mine excavation zones which damage the buildings. What stroke us was that the new housing developments started to take place on these physically unconvenient land.
Having informed about and being struck by the approach of the Municipality of Zonguldak for the future of the city, research teams continued with further visits to other institutions to continue with data collection related with their research topics.
Friday, 30 August 2013
The Fieldwork-Landuse and Questionnaire Surveys
The birth of the mining city
Our third and fourth days in Zonguldak are devoted to landuse and questionnaire surveys in the 19 neighborhoods of Zonguldak. I joined the team which surveyed the neighborhood where TTK-the state owned mining enterprise-was located back in the 1800s. Working under difficult conditions, the enterprise developed its own housing units and social facilities and contributed to the birth of a mining city.
The TTK port side
The TTK (on the left) and the living units for its employees (on the right)
Life in the mining city
The neighborhood has a French touch as it was constructed by the French living in this area. It locates the social facilities and French style living units provided to the employers working at TTK. The site is now a historical protection area.
The social housing units of TTK under protection. They continue to be rented by the employers of TTK at very low prices.
The differences in the housing types reflected the hierarchical social structure, composed of managers, engineers and miners.
Different types of housing for different types of employers.
The centre of the neihgborhood is designed to accomodate a big park and other social facilities, including a tennis courts and a club house by the sea, which today are still in use by the city dwellers.
The tennis courts and the park as the centre of the neighborhood
The hundred-year old trees under protection
A few living units of TTK had been sold in the process of the downsizing of the enterprise in the 1990s and were renovated badly before the neighborhood had been assigned as a site of historical and natural protection.
The privatised properties of TTK, renovated by their new owners.
The neighborhood had seen other social housing developments in the 1980s, thanks to housing cooperatives formed by the workers to solve their housing needs
The cheap housing units constructed by the initiatives of workers to solve their housing needs.
A park in the neighborhood
The tragic history of mining cities
As with all mining cities, the city of Zonguldak has a tragic history. The memorial of miners is dedicated to the miners of Zonguldak who died of mine accidents from 1875 to 2013. Our sorrow was deepened when we saw the memorial in a very bad condition.
The memorial of the miners of Zonguldak
Our third and fourth days in Zonguldak are devoted to landuse and questionnaire surveys in the 19 neighborhoods of Zonguldak. I joined the team which surveyed the neighborhood where TTK-the state owned mining enterprise-was located back in the 1800s. Working under difficult conditions, the enterprise developed its own housing units and social facilities and contributed to the birth of a mining city.
Life in the mining city
The neighborhood has a French touch as it was constructed by the French living in this area. It locates the social facilities and French style living units provided to the employers working at TTK. The site is now a historical protection area.
The differences in the housing types reflected the hierarchical social structure, composed of managers, engineers and miners.
The centre of the neihgborhood is designed to accomodate a big park and other social facilities, including a tennis courts and a club house by the sea, which today are still in use by the city dwellers.
A few living units of TTK had been sold in the process of the downsizing of the enterprise in the 1990s and were renovated badly before the neighborhood had been assigned as a site of historical and natural protection.
The privatised properties of TTK, renovated by their new owners.
The neighborhood had seen other social housing developments in the 1980s, thanks to housing cooperatives formed by the workers to solve their housing needs
As with all mining cities, the city of Zonguldak has a tragic history. The memorial of miners is dedicated to the miners of Zonguldak who died of mine accidents from 1875 to 2013. Our sorrow was deepened when we saw the memorial in a very bad condition.
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