Thursday, 5 September 2013

EXPLORING THE DATASET: QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE AND SPATIAL

In the remaining days of our Planning Field Course research groups worked on exloring the quantitative, qualitative and spatial data that they gathered before, during, and after the fieldwork in Zonguldak and producing their research reports under the guidance of course mentors. The Field Course will have a finish with the submission of research reports and their presentations by research groups, guided by the following assessment.

Assignment 6 Assessment and presentation of research findings

Using the quantitative, qualitative and spatial data analysed during our field course as well as the impressions collected in your field study in Zonguldak, and keeping with the theoretical discussions we had throughout the course, write an assessment of the process of deindustrialisation and urban shrinkage in Zonguldak.

MENTAL MAPPING


So we are done with coding the landuse survey data. Now we have a landuse map of Zonguldak. Well done!

Now is the time to work on our memories of the field survey. We started the day with an in-class assignment of 'mental mapping', following Lynch (1960) and asking students to make sketches of two maps created from their memories of a) the city of Zonguldak and b) the wider region it is located, revealing the different elements of the city and the region.

In-class work: Mental Mapping

You are asked to produce sketches of 2 maps: one the map of the city of Zonguldak, and the other the map of the TR81 region. You are expected to produce the two maps by 'Mak(ing) (them) just as if you (are) making a rapid description of the city to a stranger, covering all the main features. We don’t expect an accurate drawing- just a rough sketch.' (Lynch 1960, p 141)


After a given amount of time, 


the students hanged their mental maps on the wall...


Then we started discussing about...


... the region and the city.


And finally compared the two mental maps with the real maps...


... in order to see what was missing and what we DID remember correctly. It was a fun project!

Saturday, 31 August 2013

WEEK 3-DATA CODING AND ANALYSIS


Coding and Analysing Spatial Data

We started the final 10 days of CP 290 Field Course. The first days of this week is devoted to data coding and analysis. Team Zonguldak has their first lectures on coding and analysing spatial data. The lecture was given by Asst. Prof. Dr. Ömür Saygın. He made an introduction to GIS and continued with how students would code the spatial data that they gathered via landuse surveys. After the lecture, they continued entering and coding landuse survey data.

We closed the day with a new assignment to be discussed in our next meeting.

Assignment 5: Assessment of the Fieldtrip
Using the qualitative and visual material that you collected during your field surveys in Zonguldak, produce a presentation of 10 slides, which provide the other survey groups of the spatial, social, cultural and economic characteristics of the neighborhood that your team surveyed. In your presentation, you should draw on the visual and  qualitative data gathered by your group and develop an assessment of the neighborhood.

Leaving.. but one more to see: Ereğli-the iron and steel base of Zonguldak

After a week of firld work, we are ready to leave Zonguldak. But there is one more place to see on our way, which is the district of Ereğli. Like Karabük, Ereğli is one of the bases of iron and steel manufacturing in Turkey, which contributed to the development of Zonguldak as a mining city. In fact, Zonguldak lived its hay-days in the 1950s and 60s, thanks to the state owned enterprises of KARDEMİR in Karabük and ERDEMİR in Ereğli which were fed by the coals coming from Zonguldak. As with KARDEMİR, ERDEMİR was privatised in the 1990s and started to use imported coal, which was another reason for the drop in the production of the TTK of Zonguldak.


The iron and steel factory: ERDEMİR, which also has a port of its own.

The Ereğli shipyard

Fascinated by the size of the factory, we continued our trip back to Izmir. I think we all agreed that it had been a productive and enjoyable fieldtrip and contributed to our knowledge of deindustrialisation and urban shrinkage as experienced by Zonguldak. We are all excited to finalise the research reports with the information we gather on the site.

Getting to know the region better

Our research teams successfully finished their landuse and questionnaire surveys and collected the data from various institutions in Zonguldak. The last day of the fieldtrip is devoted to getting to know the region in which Zonguldak is located further.

The wider region (NUTS IILevel-TR81) is composed of two more cities-Bartın and Karabük-which were part of the city of Zonguldak until the 1990s. The aim of the field trip today was to observe the ways in which Zonguldak, Karabük and Bartın which in the past comprised the province of Zonguldak were functionally operating today. Our first trip was to Bartın where we also enjoyed the coastal district of Amasra.

 Ottoman history in the city of Bartın


The holiday resort of Bartın: Amasra

The smiley faces of our enthusiastic team after a delicious lunch at Amasra (the city of Amasra behind)

We than left Amasra for our next stop-the world heritage city of Safranbolu.  We were fascinated by the beauties of the northwest of Turkey, on our way to Safranbolu.

On our way to Safranbolu



Safranbolu: the world heritage city,1994

We left Safranbolu and headed to our final destination, Karabük which has developed as the centre of iron and steel industry, thanks to the state owned enterprise of KARDEMIR. KARDEMIR, which used to use the coals coming from Zonguldak as an input in producing iron and steel in its factory, contributed to the development of Zonguldak as a mining city and has been a major reason behind the collapse of TTK when it started to use imported coal after being privatised in the 1990w. We were fascinated by the size of the factory and the ways in which it contributed to the development of the economy of Karabük.
 We talked about the location decision of an iron and steel factory: the importance of spatial proximity to water as a resource.
 The importance of logistics: the railway as an important infrastructure to transfer raw, semi-manfacured and end products to/from the factory
The end product: the iron and steel plaques

What an exciting day it was. We were back at Zonguldak to pack for leaving the city tomorrow morning.

Urban Development Issues in the City of Zonguldak

Two days of surveying the different neighborhoods of Zonguldak was fascinating. We all experienced the difficult topography of the city, heard about interesting stories of people living in the city, tried to make the link between changes in employment and economic structure of the city and social and spatial changes. Observations of the different aspects of socio-economic, cultural and spatial development in the city of Zonguldak on site obviously challenged the 'stereotype' we had before the fieldwork, and brought a lot of questions.

On our fifth day in the field, we were hosted by the Municipality of Zonguldak to the representatives of whom we could ask various issues that we observed when surveying the neighborhoods and learn about their strategies and policies for the urban development in Zonguldak.

Property Development Issues in Zonguldak
A very interesting information that was given by the Municipality was related with property development in Zonguldak, which was determined by a special law-Havza-i Fahmiye (1920). The mining basin of the city was registered to the Treasuary and did not allowed the deleopment of private property until 1986. This law has had a significant impact on the spatial development of the city. We were informed that as of today only 20% of the land in the city of Zonguldak is private property, which the remaining 80% is owned either by TTK, or the national estate or is forest. Eventually, 80% of Zonguldak developed illegally, an issue which seems to be a major concern for the Municipality of Zonguldak.

Illegal development in Zonguldak, Kilimli

Spatial impacts of urban shrinkage
One of the observations of our team when doing the landuse and questionnaire surveys was the difficulty of observing abandoned buildings in the city, which lost 50 000 population since 1990.  In fact, many people mentioned the need for more housing in Zonguldak, and we observed new housing developments in the different parts of the city. We were informed that the Municipality allowed high rise housing developments on privately owned land,with the aim to decrease squatter housing. While this is the case, we were also informed that there were 8000 abandoned, empty units in the city.

New housing development in the city of Zonguldak, Kozlu
New housing development in the city ofZonguldak, Kilimli

Managing/unmanaging shrinkage?
As with many shrinking cities around the world, the phenomenon of shrinkage is not on the agenda of the Municipality. While acknowledging the impact of the restructuring of the mining industry-and mainly TTK- on the city and outmigration, they have never mentioned population figures nor they seemed to acknowledge the loss of population. The approach of the Municipality was that outmigration would be reversed if they would develop registered land as a result of which the ones who had left would come and invest in the city. Further higher rise development of private property and transformation of TTK's housing estates through urban transformmation projects are the instruments used by the Municipality for this purpose. We were stroke when we weretold that the new zoning plan was for a city that will accomodate 350 000 people fifty years later.

Environmental Issues
A major issue in the city of Zonguldak is related with the environmental impacts of mining. The city has been created on top of the mine excavation zones which damage the buildings. What stroke us was that the new housing developments started to take place on these physically unconvenient land.

Having informed about and being struck by the approach of the Municipality of Zonguldak for the future of the city, research teams continued with further visits to other institutions to continue with data collection related with their research topics.

Friday, 30 August 2013

The Fieldwork-Landuse and Questionnaire Surveys

The birth of the mining city
Our third and fourth days in Zonguldak are devoted to landuse and questionnaire surveys in the 19 neighborhoods of Zonguldak. I joined the team which surveyed the neighborhood where TTK-the state owned mining enterprise-was located back in the 1800s. Working under difficult conditions, the enterprise developed its own housing units and social facilities and contributed to the birth of a mining city.

 The TTK port side
The TTK (on the left) and the living units for its employees (on the right)

Life in the mining city
The neighborhood has a French touch as it was constructed by the French living in this area. It locates the social facilities and French style living units provided to the employers working at TTK. The site is now a historical protection area.

The social housing units of TTK under protection. They continue to be rented by the employers of TTK at very low prices.

The differences in the housing types reflected the hierarchical social structure, composed of managers, engineers and miners.

Different types of housing for different types of employers.

The centre of the neihgborhood is designed to accomodate a big park and other social facilities, including a tennis courts and a club house by the sea, which today are still in use by the city dwellers.

The tennis courts and the park as the centre of the neighborhood

The hundred-year old trees under protection

A few living units of TTK had been sold in the process of the downsizing of the enterprise in the 1990s and were renovated badly before the neighborhood had been assigned as a site of historical and natural protection.


The privatised properties of TTK, renovated by their new owners.

The neighborhood had seen other social housing developments in the 1980s, thanks to housing cooperatives formed by the workers to solve their housing needs


The cheap housing units constructed by the initiatives of workers to solve their housing needs.

A park in the neighborhood

The tragic history of mining cities
As with all mining cities, the city of Zonguldak has a tragic history. The memorial of miners is dedicated to the miners of Zonguldak who died of mine accidents from 1875 to 2013. Our sorrow was deepened when we saw the memorial in a very bad condition.
The memorial of the miners of Zonguldak

Sunday, 25 August 2013

The Fieldwork-Understanding the Industrial History of Zonguldak: past, present, future

Industrial Development in Zonguldak: from industrialisation to de-industrialisation and attepmts for re-industrialisation

The second day of the fieldwork aimed to develop an understanding of the industrial history of Zonguldak. Our first visit was to Zonguldak Chamber of Industry and Commerce. Metin Demir-a member of the board of directors of the Chamber- and Zekai Aktan-the advisor to the president of the Chamber- made an impressive presentation of how the city of Zonguldak was born from nothing as the result of the development of the coal mining industry in the late 1800s, lived its had-days in the 1950s,60s and 70s thanks to the development of the state-owned coal mining enterprise of TTK, started to de-industrialise after the 1980s, and of the attempts of the Chamber of Industry for the re-industrialisation of the city.


Our team in Zonguldak Chamber of Industry and Commerce

Where the Chamber was located had a great view of the port of the TTK. Observing the traffic in the port, we talked about the role of the port for the mining industry, its importance for the city of Zonguldak and possible trends for the future.

The Zonguldak port

Coal mining in the city

After this general presentation, we were hosted by the TTK (the state owned mining enterprise in Zonguldak) in one of its coal mines which was  located in the city of Zonguldak. After an overview of the history of TTK and its contribution to the development of the city of Zonguldak in economic, social and cultural dimensions, we were taken to a tour of the mine.

The underground city
One of the first exciting observations from this excursion was the 'gallery' development and transportation infrastructure plans of the mines. It was fascinating to see that there was a working city 200-600 meters under the ground.

   The underground city-the plan of transportation infrastructure under the ground in layers

The undergroung city-the plan of the mining galleries under the ground in layers

Mining in the Kozlu mines of TTK

We also had the chance to observe how mines work and had some idea of the working conditions in the mines.

 The elevator which carries the minders underground

The iron tunnel inside which the miners work

Unauthorised housing development in the city of Zonguldak

The Filyos Valley: where the future of Zonguldak lies?

The ancient Filyos
After this fascinating excursion, we were on our way to Filyos to discover the possible future of Zonguldak. After a delicious late lunch by the sea at Filyos, we discovered the ancient Filyos. We visited the recently found port, amphi-theatre and the castle constructed 2500 years ago.

The recently found antique amphi-theatre in Filyos

Filyos today
We observed that the city of Filyos itself has had its own problems-one of the major being the brick factory constructed in the 1950s by the sea. Once employing 1500 workers and being the major source of employment in the city of Zonguldak, the factory has undergone a process of downsizing.The factory employs only 40 workers today and remains as a major source of pollution in the city.

The brick factory by the sea

As with other cities and villages in Turkey, the city of Filyos has also been a scene to massive housing developments.

The future of Filyos?
The Filyos Valley is the most productive agricultural area of the West Blacksea Region and is surrounded by forests on its mountains. Unfortunately, the Valley is the hotspot for the future development of the Region. In fact the so-called Filyos Valley project-a mega project of the central government for energy, industry and logistics development in the Region to serve the nation-seems to be most significant forthcomimg problem to the area.
The Filyos Valley-the planned port area
The Filyos Valley-the planned industry, energy and free zone development area (1000 ha land between the two villages are already expropriated)

WEEK 2-THE FIELDWORK

After a long (12 hour) bus drive we finally arrived at Zonguldak. Such an impressive trip it was from the Aegean coast to the Blacksea coast. Passing through major industrial centres of Turkey and observing the urban impacts of these developments and the changes in the landscape, the trip itself was a field work.

Day 1 Regional Development Issues in the West Blacksea Region

On our first day in Zonguldak our team was hosted by the West Blacksea Regional Development Agency. The Secretary General of the Agency and two urban and regional planners of the Agency made a detailed presentation of economic and spatial development issues in the wider region in which Zonguldak is located.


 The Planned Regional Development Schema of the West Black Sea Region

We were informed that the recent regional development plan of the West Blacksea Region was developed on the basis of changing the mono-sector dependent economic structure of the region and developing alternative sectors. Here the Agency stressed the so-called Filyos Valley Project of 1000 ha. land, which aimed at the development of the region as the industrial and logistics base of Turkey with the construction of the largest port of the country, a free zone, an organised industrial zone of 400 ha and several hydroelectric power plants in the most productive agricultural land of the region. Our enthusiastic team obviously had a critical approach to the project and asked challenging questions to the representatives of the Agency. We all had been very curious about the Valley where the planned project would take place and already started to think about the possible impacts of this mega project on the city of Zonguldak.

In the afternoon the research groups had their visits to various institutions in Zonguldak to collect data related with their research areas.

Tuesday, 20 August 2013

Day 6 Getting Prepared for the Fieldwork: Methodological Issues

1. Movie-screening: The Dream of the Butterfly

Day 6 started with the movie 'Kelebeğin Rüyası (The Dream of the Butterfly)' screening. The movie brought us back to the 1940s-the modernism period of early Republican days and told us the story of miners in the city of Zonguldak.

We continued with a discussion of the movie and spatial issues in Zonguldak.

2. Methodological Issues: Reading the City

The afternoon session started with group discussions based on Assignment 4, which aimed at linking theoretical discussions, concepts and empirical evidence with the spatial dimension of urban development in Zonguldak.

Assignment 4: Reading the City
Based on the initial analysis of your research group and the theoretical discussions we made so far, write down the first five issues which occur to you about your research area when the name of Zonguldak is mentioned. What are the spatial implications of the issue that you raise? What would you expect to observe in Zonguldak related with the issue that you mention?

3. Methodological issues: Landuse and questionnaire surveys

This seminar was followed by two lectures. The first lecture was given by Semahat Özdemir and was about making landuse surveys in the field. The second seminar was given by Güldem Özatağan. Her lecture started with the merits of fieldwork and later talked about designing and doing questionnaire surveys.

4. After-work meeting

So we were ready to leave for getting packed for a long and definitely exciting trip to Zonguldak tomorrow!

Day 5 Research Team Presentations: Preliminary findings

Day 5 aimed at sharing preliminary findings of the research that research groups have undertaken so far. 8 Research Groups presentated their findings on the basis of Assignment 3.

Assignment 3: assessment and presentation

Using the quantitative data collected and analysed during the week, and keeping with the theoretical discussions on deindustrialisation and urban shrinkage, write an assessment of your main preliminary findings about Zonguldak and prepare a presentaion. For the write up, you should produce an assessment of the extent to which Zonduldak is de-industrialised and experienced urban shrinkage, and the  challenges that these changes brought about to the city. The audience to which you are writing might be the local authority of Zonduldak. In making your assessment you should draw on the systematic quantitative and qualitative data gathered and analysed by your group.

The 8 groups did really great and contributed a lot to give us an initial idea of what kind of a city we are visiting. The big zonguldak team had their second after-work meeting at the pier in the small village fishermen's village of Urla. Had great fun of course!


Friday, 16 August 2013

Day 4 In-class research team work under the supervision of mentors

Such a hot day and our enthusiastic team worked very hard to develop their research until we leave for the fieldtrip. Well-done you!

The day is closed with the distribution of Assignment 3.

Assignment 3: assessment and presentation
Deadline: 19 August 2013

Using the quantitative data collected and analysed during the week, and keeping with the theoretical discussions on deindustrialisation and urban shrinkage, write an assessment of your main preliminary findings about Zonguldak and prepare a presentaion.
For the write up, you should produce an assessment of the extent to which Zonduldak is de-industrialised and experienced urban shrinkage, and the  challenges that these changes brought about to the city. The audience to which you are writing might be the local authority of Zonduldak. In making your assessment you should draw on the systematic quantitative data gathered and analysed by your group.



Day 3 In-class research team work and student presentations

1. In-class research team work
In the morning session of Day 3 students continued working in groups to develop their research findings under the supervision of mentors.

2. Research team presentations
The afternoon session started with research team presentations on how their work developed and suggestions of the mentors and the class for improving their work.

3. After-work meeting
Our hard work deserved the summer breeze and cold beer of course. That is exactly what we did in the evening :)

Thanks to the contributers and the staff of Egesev restaurant, we had a lovely evening...


accompanied by ice cold beer, delicious food and nice conversations!